Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) sheets have emerged as a prominent material for membrane bioreactor (MBR) units. Their inherent chemical durability and mechanical robustness contribute to their wide acceptance in wastewater treatment and other applications. This review provides a comprehensive overview of PVDF advancements in MBRs, investigating the

Membrane bioreactor (MBR) process has emerged as a promising approach for treating wastewater due to its ability to achieve high removal rates of organic matter, nutrients, and suspended solids. MBRs combine the principles of biological treatment with membrane filtration, resulting in an efficient and versatile mechanism for water treatment. The fu

Nanobubbles, tiny pockets of gas encapsulated within a liquid, are emerging as a revolutionary technology with immense potential across diverse fields. These entities, often generated through unique methods, possess remarkable characteristics such as enhanced dissolution. This inherent capability makes them perfect for a spectrum of applications, f